局灶性-话题@MedSci

#局灶性#

51篇内容 | 1014人围观

关注话题

话题活跃用户

#插入话题

插入图片

最新最热

[GetTopicListResponse(id=2009714, encodeId=e73d2009e14aa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c7804e581bc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#局灶性#</a>, objectTitle=Neurology病例：见于维生素B12缺乏症的舞蹈手足徐动症和局灶性肌张力障碍, objectType=article, longId=734509, objectId=2f37e34509fb, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=2f37e34509fb, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=53, createdTime=2022-12-16, rootId=0, userName=cathymary, userId=226a143, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=2f37e34509fb, moduleTitle=Neurology病例：见于维生素B12缺乏症的舞蹈手足徐动症和局灶性肌张力障碍, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=2f37e34509fb)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=2009716, encodeId=c8cb2009e16ad, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c7804e581bc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#局灶性#</a>, objectTitle=婴儿癫痫伴游走性局灶性发作：临床特点、病因、治疗, objectType=article, longId=737482, objectId=640ae37482d0, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=640ae37482d0, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=48, createdTime=2023-03-16, rootId=0, userName=cathymary, userId=226a143, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=640ae37482d0, moduleTitle=婴儿癫痫伴游走性局灶性发作：临床特点、病因、治疗, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=640ae37482d0)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=2009713, encodeId=c62c2009e13a1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c7804e581bc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#局灶性#</a>, objectTitle=STROKE：β受体阻滞剂可以降低脑海绵状血管畸形患者颅内出血或持续性/进行性局灶性神经功能缺损的风险, objectType=article, longId=734037, objectId=6c11e3403793, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=6c11e3403793, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=44, createdTime=2023-03-09, rootId=0, userName=cathymary, userId=226a143, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=6c11e3403793, moduleTitle=STROKE：β受体阻滞剂可以降低脑海绵状血管畸形患者颅内出血或持续性/进行性局灶性神经功能缺损的风险, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=6c11e3403793)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=2009717, encodeId=9a8e2009e1732, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c7804e581bc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#局灶性#</a>, objectTitle=Neurology：难治性局灶性癫痫患者辅助性塞诺巴胺的长期疗效和安全性研究, objectType=article, longId=738700, objectId=3adfe3870050, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=3adfe3870050, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=72, createdTime=2023-02-18, rootId=0, userName=cathymary, userId=226a143, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=3adfe3870050, moduleTitle=Neurology：难治性局灶性癫痫患者辅助性塞诺巴胺的长期疗效和安全性研究, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=3adfe3870050)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=2009711, encodeId=de1f2009e1136, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c7804e581bc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#局灶性#</a>, objectTitle=Neurology：脑功能影像证实，局灶性肌张力障碍患者齿状和苍白球功能连接改变，支持局灶性肌张力障碍是特定网络疾病！, objectType=article, longId=301543, objectId=603c30154389, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=603c30154389, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=40, createdTime=2023-01-04, rootId=0, userName=cathymary, userId=226a143, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=603c30154389, moduleTitle=Neurology：脑功能影像证实，局灶性肌张力障碍患者齿状和苍白球功能连接改变，支持局灶性肌张力障碍是特定网络疾病！, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=603c30154389)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=2009708, encodeId=0fae2009e08d5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c7804e581bc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#局灶性#</a>, objectTitle=Neurology：不同癫痫类型在妊娠前后发作恶化的风险对比：局灶性癫痫恶化可能大，额叶癫痫尤甚, objectType=article, longId=293629, objectId=1200293629b2, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=1200293629b2, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=73, createdTime=2022-06-04, rootId=0, userName=cathymary, userId=226a143, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=1200293629b2, moduleTitle=Neurology：不同癫痫类型在妊娠前后发作恶化的风险对比：局灶性癫痫恶化可能大，额叶癫痫尤甚, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=1200293629b2)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=2009715, encodeId=1ece2009e155e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c7804e581bc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#局灶性#</a>, objectTitle=JAMA子刊：关于“局灶性节段性肾小球硬化”儿童、青少年和成人患者的肾脏结局比较, objectType=article, longId=737167, objectId=8a1ae371672b, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=8a1ae371672b, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=51, createdTime=2023-03-18, rootId=0, userName=cathymary, userId=226a143, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=8a1ae371672b, moduleTitle=JAMA子刊：关于“局灶性节段性肾小球硬化”儿童、青少年和成人患者的肾脏结局比较, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=8a1ae371672b)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=2009712, encodeId=75872009e12c4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c7804e581bc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#局灶性#</a>, objectTitle=Neurology：局灶性皮质发育不良IIB的黑线征：7T MRI和电临床病理研究, objectType=article, longId=730804, objectId=7d80e308046b, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=7d80e308046b, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=52, createdTime=2023-03-14, rootId=0, userName=cathymary, userId=226a143, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=7d80e308046b, moduleTitle=Neurology：局灶性皮质发育不良IIB的黑线征：7T MRI和电临床病理研究, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=7d80e308046b)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=2009719, encodeId=ec2c2009e19d7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c7804e581bc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#局灶性#</a>, objectTitle=【CLEAR柯丽尔每日一例】肝脏局灶性结节增生, objectType=article, longId=288669, objectId=a8cc2886694b, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=a8cc2886694b, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=44, createdTime=2022-04-28, rootId=0, userName=cathymary, userId=226a143, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=a8cc2886694b, moduleTitle=【CLEAR柯丽尔每日一例】肝脏局灶性结节增生, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=a8cc2886694b)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=2009709, encodeId=0ac22009e099d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c7804e581bc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#局灶性#</a>, objectTitle=Neurology：综合多研究，MRI诊断局灶性皮质发育不良难治性癫痫术后优良预后率达70%, objectType=article, longId=294105, objectId=854229410565, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=854229410565, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=55, createdTime=2022-09-19, rootId=0, userName=cathymary, userId=226a143, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=854229410565, moduleTitle=Neurology：综合多研究，MRI诊断局灶性皮质发育不良难治性癫痫术后优良预后率达70%, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=854229410565)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=2009707, encodeId=dde82009e0795, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c7804e581bc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#局灶性#</a>, objectTitle=Alz Res Therapy: 局灶性淀粉样蛋白沉积患者，其认知轨迹如何变化, objectType=article, longId=220134, objectId=76d82201348c, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=76d82201348c, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=56, createdTime=2022-07-12, rootId=0, userName=cathymary, userId=226a143, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=76d82201348c, moduleTitle=Alz Res Therapy: 局灶性淀粉样蛋白沉积患者，其认知轨迹如何变化, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=76d82201348c)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=2009718, encodeId=ee952009e1826, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c7804e581bc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#局灶性#</a>, objectTitle=【PHILIPS每日一例】肝左叶局灶性结节增生, objectType=article, longId=289576, objectId=17472895e6b9, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=17472895e6b9, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=57, createdTime=2022-08-06, rootId=0, userName=cathymary, userId=226a143, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=17472895e6b9, moduleTitle=【PHILIPS每日一例】肝左叶局灶性结节增生, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=17472895e6b9)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=2009704, encodeId=12e92009e046f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c7804e581bc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#局灶性#</a>, objectTitle=Stroke：儿童局灶性脑动脉病的特征, objectType=article, longId=211949, objectId=17c4211949fa, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=17c4211949fa, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=54, createdTime=2021-07-26, rootId=0, userName=cathymary, userId=226a143, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=17c4211949fa, moduleTitle=Stroke：儿童局灶性脑动脉病的特征, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=17c4211949fa)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=2009710, encodeId=9ae72009e10ee, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c7804e581bc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#局灶性#</a>, objectTitle=潘军平教授：炎性病例探讨——左上叶大片实变（局灶性）, objectType=article, longId=301449, objectId=1216301449be, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=1216301449be, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=41, createdTime=2022-09-25, rootId=0, userName=cathymary, userId=226a143, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=1216301449be, moduleTitle=潘军平教授：炎性病例探讨——左上叶大片实变（局灶性）, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=1216301449be)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=2009720, encodeId=d0bf2009e2094, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c7804e581bc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#局灶性#</a>, objectTitle=肝局灶性结节增生（FNH）, objectType=article, longId=245944, objectId=0d412459447d, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=0d412459447d, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=63, createdTime=2022-03-04, rootId=0, userName=cathymary, userId=226a143, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=0d412459447d, moduleTitle=肝局灶性结节增生（FNH）, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=0d412459447d)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=2009701, encodeId=fa282009e011a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c7804e581bc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#局灶性#</a>, objectTitle=Lancet：左乙拉西坦 vs 左尼沙胺 vs拉莫三嗪一线治疗新诊断的局灶性癫痫, objectType=article, longId=209887, objectId=96e120988e7c, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=96e120988e7c, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=55, createdTime=2021-07-31, rootId=0, userName=cathymary, userId=226a143, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=96e120988e7c, moduleTitle=Lancet：左乙拉西坦 vs 左尼沙胺 vs拉莫三嗪一线治疗新诊断的局灶性癫痫, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=96e120988e7c)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=2009700, encodeId=beeb2009e002d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c7804e581bc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#局灶性#</a>, objectTitle=Lancet Neurology：成人局灶性癫痫发作风险预测: 一项发展和验证研究, objectType=article, longId=207383, objectId=19c220e38318, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=19c220e38318, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=45, createdTime=2021-07-19, rootId=0, userName=cathymary, userId=226a143, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=19c220e38318, moduleTitle=Lancet Neurology：成人局灶性癫痫发作风险预测: 一项发展和验证研究, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=19c220e38318)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=2009705, encodeId=6bf22009e057e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c7804e581bc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#局灶性#</a>, objectTitle=JNNP:ALS的基因型相关小脑特征：局灶性小脑病理学和大脑-小脑连接改变, objectType=article, longId=214051, objectId=694521405188, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=694521405188, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=42, createdTime=2021-10-13, rootId=0, userName=cathymary, userId=226a143, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=694521405188, moduleTitle=JNNP:ALS的基因型相关小脑特征：局灶性小脑病理学和大脑-小脑连接改变, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=694521405188)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=2009706, encodeId=739c2009e0634, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c7804e581bc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#局灶性#</a>, objectTitle=Neurology：纳他利珠单抗（natalizumab），治疗耐药性局灶性癫痫，有效性和安全性如何, objectType=article, longId=217327, objectId=aeb121e32747, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=aeb121e32747, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=46, createdTime=2022-03-24, rootId=0, userName=cathymary, userId=226a143, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=aeb121e32747, moduleTitle=Neurology：纳他利珠单抗（natalizumab），治疗耐药性局灶性癫痫，有效性和安全性如何, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=aeb121e32747)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=2009721, encodeId=77d22009e21ea, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c7804e581bc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#局灶性#</a>, objectTitle=【PHILIPS每日一例】局灶性结节性增生(FNH)一例, objectType=article, longId=289720, objectId=fea8289e208d, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=fea8289e208d, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=55, createdTime=2021-11-28, rootId=0, userName=cathymary, userId=226a143, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=fea8289e208d, moduleTitle=【PHILIPS每日一例】局灶性结节性增生(FNH)一例, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=fea8289e208d)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0)] 梅斯话题小助手

局灶性

2020-05-29

cathymary (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#局灶性#

Neurology病例：见于维生素B12缺乏症的舞蹈手足徐动症和局灶性肌张力障碍

2022-12-16

cathymary (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#局灶性#

婴儿癫痫伴游走性局灶性发作：临床特点、病因、治疗

2023-03-16

cathymary (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#局灶性#

STROKE：β受体阻滞剂可以降低脑海绵状血管畸形患者颅内出血或持续性/进行性局灶性神经功能缺损的风险

2023-03-09

cathymary (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#局灶性#

Neurology：难治性局灶性癫痫患者辅助性塞诺巴胺的长期疗效和安全性研究

2023-02-18

cathymary (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#局灶性#

Neurology：脑功能影像证实，局灶性肌张力障碍患者齿状和苍白球功能连接改变，支持局灶性肌张力障碍是特定网络疾病！

2023-01-04

cathymary (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#局灶性#

Neurology：不同癫痫类型在妊娠前后发作恶化的风险对比：局灶性癫痫恶化可能大，额叶癫痫尤甚

2022-06-04

cathymary (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#局灶性#

JAMA子刊：关于“局灶性节段性肾小球硬化”儿童、青少年和成人患者的肾脏结局比较

2023-03-18

cathymary (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#局灶性#

Neurology：局灶性皮质发育不良IIB的黑线征：7T MRI和电临床病理研究

2023-03-14

cathymary (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#局灶性#

【CLEAR柯丽尔每日一例】肝脏局灶性结节增生

2022-04-28

cathymary (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#局灶性#

Neurology：综合多研究，MRI诊断局灶性皮质发育不良难治性癫痫术后优良预后率达70%

2022-09-19

cathymary (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#局灶性#

Alz Res Therapy: 局灶性淀粉样蛋白沉积患者，其认知轨迹如何变化

2022-07-12

cathymary (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#局灶性#

【PHILIPS每日一例】肝左叶局灶性结节增生

2022-08-06

cathymary (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#局灶性#

Stroke：儿童局灶性脑动脉病的特征

2021-07-26

cathymary (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#局灶性#

潘军平教授：炎性病例探讨——左上叶大片实变（局灶性）

2022-09-25

cathymary (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#局灶性#

肝局灶性结节增生（FNH）

2022-03-04

cathymary (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#局灶性#

Lancet：左乙拉西坦 vs 左尼沙胺 vs拉莫三嗪一线治疗新诊断的局灶性癫痫

2021-07-31

cathymary (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#局灶性#

Lancet Neurology：成人局灶性癫痫发作风险预测: 一项发展和验证研究

2021-07-19

cathymary (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#局灶性#

JNNP:ALS的基因型相关小脑特征：局灶性小脑病理学和大脑-小脑连接改变

2021-10-13

cathymary (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#局灶性#

Neurology：纳他利珠单抗（natalizumab），治疗耐药性局灶性癫痫，有效性和安全性如何

2022-03-24

cathymary (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#局灶性#

【PHILIPS每日一例】局灶性结节性增生(FNH)一例

2021-11-28

科室
- - 订阅+
  - 更多科室
工具
服务