BJC：吸烟或增加妇女患骨髓癌和血癌的风险

近日，来自英国研究者的最新研究成果揭示，吸烟的妇女可增加其患特定血管癌症、免疫系统以及骨髓癌症的风险。这项研究展示了霍杰金淋巴瘤和一些骨髓瘤在每日抽10根香烟的妇女体内的发病风险是一般妇女的两倍。相关研究成果刊登在了近日的国际医学杂志British Journal of Cancer上，研究由英国癌症中心提供资助。

研究者Valerie表示，我们的研究结果重点强调了吸烟对于引发癌症的风险。吸烟可以增加很多癌症发病的风险，并不仅仅只是肺癌，也包括心脏病和中风等等疾病。当很多人知道吸烟和肺癌相关的时候，很少人知道烟草也和肝癌、胰腺癌和肾脏癌等癌症相关。这项研究也解释了吸烟在血癌上的巨大效应。

现在戒烟并不算晚，戒烟可以降低人们患肺癌及其它严重疾病的风险。降低烟瘾对于阻止年轻人吸烟非常必要而且重要，目前英国政府制定出了很多计划来针对戒烟，这将帮助吸烟者尽早戒烟，也避免健康人因为二手烟而受到伤害。

编译自：Smoking sharply increases risk of certain cancers of the immune system and bone marrow

doi:10.1038/bjc.2012.333
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Alcohol drinking, tobacco smoking and subtypes of haematological malignancy in the UK Million Women Study

M E Kroll, F Murphy, K Pirie, G K Reeves, J Green, V Beral and for the Million Women Study Collaborators

Background: Previous research suggests associations of lower alcohol intake and higher tobacco consumption with increased risks of haematological malignancy. The prospective Million Women Study provides sufficient power for reliable estimates of subtype-specific associations in women. Methods: Approximately 1.3 million middle-aged women were recruited in the United Kingdom during 1996–2001 and followed for death, emigration and cancer registration until 2009 (mean 10.3 years per woman); potential risk factors were assessed by questionnaire. Adjusted relative risks were estimated by Cox regression. Results: During follow-up, 9162 incident cases of haematological malignancy were recorded, including 7047 lymphoid and 2072 myeloid cancers. Among predominantly moderate alcohol drinkers, higher intake was associated with lower risk of lymphoid malignancies, in particular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (relative risk 0.85 per 10 g alcohol per day (95% confidence interval 0.75–0.96)), follicular lymphoma (0.86 (0.76–0.98)) and plasma cell neoplasms (0.86 (0.77–0.96)). Among never- and current smokers, higher cigarette consumption was associated with increased risk of Hodgkin lymphoma (1.45 per 10 cigarettes per day (1.22–1.72)), mature T-cell malignancies (1.38 (1.10–1.73)) and myeloproliferative/myelodysplastic disease (1.42 (1.31–1.55)). Conclusion: These findings confirm and extend existing evidence for associations of subtypes of haematological malignancy with two common exposures in women.

拓展阅读：Lancet Oncol：吸烟者卵巢癌风险与亚型有关

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          JNCI：肥胖有利于降低吸烟者的肺癌发生风险

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